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Abstract
Access to health care is part of human rights. As an effort to realize this right, the United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO) initiated a program that is Universal Health Coverage (UHC). UHC, as a program that seeks to be implemented, cannot be separated from the values and benefits it stands for. This research aims to see the extent to which the internalization of UHC norms is implemented in Indonesia and the actors involved. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. To achieve the research objectives, this study uses the concept of norm diffusion proposed by Finnemore & Sikkink and the concept of norm localization by Amitav Acharya. Through this research, it was found that UHC is a new norm in the international world that is trying to spread throughout the world. It was also found that the Government of Indonesia has internalized the norm and has entered the third phase, which is the final phase in the norm internalization process with the appointed designated local service, namely BPJS of health.
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References
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References
Acharya, A. (2004). How Ideas Spread: Whose Norms Matter? Norm Localization and Institutional Change in Asian Regionalism. International Organization, 58(02). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818304582024
Agustina, R., Dartanto, T., Sitompul, R., Susiloretni, K. A., Suparmi, Achadi, E. L., Taher, A., Wirawan, F., Sungkar, S., Sudarmono, P., Shankar, A. H., Thabrany, H., Agustina, R., Dartanto, T., Sitompul, R., Susiloretni, K. A., Suparmi, Achadi, E. L., Taher, A., … Khusun, H. (2019). Universal health coverage in Indonesia: concept, progress, and challenges. The Lancet, 393(10166), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31647-7
BPJS Kesehatan. (2020, December). Sejarah Perjalanan Jaminan Sosial di Indonesia. Https://Www.Bpjs-Kesehatan.Go.Id/Bpjs/Pages/Detail/2013/4 .
BPJS Kesehatan. (2022, October). Progress Pencapaian UHC. Https://Bi.Bpjs-Kesehatan.Go.Id/ .
Finnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). International Norm Dynamics and Political Change. International Organization, 52(4), 887–917. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081898550789
IBP Indonesia Core Team. (2012). JAMKESMAS dan Program Jaminan Kesehatan Daerah.
Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 2022. (2022). In https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/195699/inpres-no-1-tahun-2022.
International Labour Organization. (2021). Extending social health protection: Accelerate progress towards Universal Health Coverage in Asia and the Pacific. Https://Www.Ilo.Org/Wcmsp5/Groups/Public/---Asia/RoBangkok/Documents/Publication/Wcms_831137.Pdf .
Peraturan Presiden 82 Tahun 2018. (2018). https://jdih.kemenkeu.go.id/fullText/2018/82TAHUN2018PERPRES.pdf
Prakarsa. (2020). Universal Health Coverage: Mengukur Capaian Indonesia.
UHC2030. (2022). 2022 Annual report. Https://Www.Uhc2030.Org/Who-We-Are/about-Us/ .
United Nation. (2015). Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
World Health Organization. (2015). Tracing universal health coverage : First Global Monitoring Report.
World Health Organization. (2016). Universal Health Coverage: Moving Towards Better Health. Action Framework for the Western Pacific Region.
World Health Organization. (2017). Together on the road to universal health coverage. A call to action.
World Health Organization. (2021). World Health Organization (2021). Tracing universal health coverage : 2021 Global Monitoring Report.